| Present Perfect |
| Present Simple TO HAVE + Past Participle del Verbo* |
*Il Past Participle (Participio Passato
) dei verbi si forma come il Past Simple (infinito senza TO + ed); consultare i paradigmi dei verbi irregolari all'interno della grammatica| TO WORK | Esempi |
|
I have worked I've worked |
I've worked hard this week = Ho lavorato molto questa settimana |
|
you
have
worked you've worked |
You've worked all night long = Hai lavorato tutta la notte |
|
he
has worked he's worked |
Bob's worked in London = Bob ha lavorato a Londra |
|
she
has worked she's worked |
She's worked as a teacher = Ha lavorato come insegnante |
|
it
has worked it's worked |
It's worked very well = Ha funzionato molto bene |
|
we
have worked we've worked |
We've worked at home= Abbiamo lavorato a casa |
|
you
have worked you've worked |
You've worked together = Avete lavorato insieme |
|
they
have worked they've worked |
They've worked here today = Hanno lavorato qui oggi |
SOGGETTO + HAVEN'T* / HASN'T* (HAVE NOT / HAS NOT) + PARTICIPIO PASSATO del VERBO + COMPLEMENTI
| TO WORK | Esempi |
| I haven't worked | I haven't worked hard this week = Non ho lavorato molto questa settimana |
| you haven't worked | You haven't worked all night long = Non hai lavorato tutta la notte |
| he hasn't worked | Bob hasn't worked in London = Bob non ha lavorato a Londra |
| she hasn't worked | She hasn't worked as a teacher = Non ha lavorato come insegnante |
| it hasn't worked | It hasn't worked very well = Non ha funzionato molto bene |
| we haven't worked | We haven't worked at home = Non abbiamo lavorato a casa |
| you haven't worked | You haven't worked together = Non avete lavorato insieme |
| they haven't worked | They haven't worked here today = Non hanno lavorato qui oggi |
*"HAVEN'T / HASN'T" sono le forme contratte di "HAVE NOT" e "HAS NOT" e sono quelle più usate.
HAVE / HAS + SOGGETTO + PARTICIPIO PASSATO del VERBO + COMPLEMENTI
| TO WORK | Esempi |
| Have I worked | Have I worked hard this week? = Ho lavorato molto questa settimana? |
| Have you worked | Have you worked all night long? = Hai lavorato tutta la notte? |
| Has he worked | Has Bob ever worked in London? = Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra? |
| Has she worked | Has she worked as a teacher? = Ha lavorato come insegnante? |
| Has it worked | Has it worked well? = Ha funzionato bene? |
| Have we worked | Have we worked for nothing? = Abbiamo lavorato per niente? |
| Have you worked | Have you worked together? = Avete lavorato insieme? |
| Have they worked | Have they worked here today? = Hanno lavorato qui oggi? |
HAVEN'T / HASN'T + SOGGETTO + PARTICIPIO PASSATO del VERBO + COMPLEMENTI
| TO WORK | Esempi |
| Haven't I worked | Haven't I worked hard this week? = Non ho lavorato molto questa settimana? |
| Haven't you worked | Haven't you worked all night long? = Non hai lavorato tutta la notte? |
| Hasn't he worked | Hasn't Bob worked in London this summer? = Bob non ha lavorato a Londra questa estate? |
| Hasn't she worked | Hasn't she worked as a teacher? = Non ha lavorato come insegnante? |
| Hasn't it worked | Hasn't it worked well? = Non ha funzionato bene? |
| Haven't we worked | Haven't we worked for you? = Non abbiamo lavorato per te? |
| Haven't you worked | Haven't you worked together? = Non avete lavorato insieme? |
| Haven't they worked | Haven't they worked here today? = Non hanno lavorato qui oggi? |
Nelle risposte brevi, dopo "Yes" o "No" si usa sempre il pronome personale e l'ausiliare; nelle negazioni si usa solo la forma contratta.
Have you worked all night long? Yes, I have/No, I haven't = Hai lavorato tutta la notte? Sì/No
Has Bob ever worked in London? Yes, he has/No, he hasn't = Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra? Sì/No
- Anche con i
verbi intransitivi Es:
She has arrived = E' arrivata
- Azioni passate avvenute in un periodo di tempo non completamente trascorso definito con espressioni di tempo come today, this morning/week/month/year/, this summer, so far/up to now (finora)
Es: She has arrived this morning = E' arrivata stamattina (è ancora mattina)
- Azioni passate avvenute in un periodo di tempo non specificato e il cui risultato arriva al presente
Es: Have you brought the umbrella? No, I haven't = Hai portato l'ombrello? No
- Con for (da) e since (da/da quando); for introduce la durata dell'azione e risponde alla domanda "da quanto tempo"; since indica il momento d'inizio dell'azione e risponde alla domanda "da quando"
Es: I have lived here for 5 years= Vivo qui da 5 anni.
I have lived here since 2000 = Vivo qui dal 2000.
- Con altre espressioni di tempo come: just (appena), always (sempre), often (spesso), never (mai - nelle negative), ever (mai - nelle interrogative), already (già), yet (già - nelle interrogative/ ancora - nelle negative), recently (recentemente), lately (ultimamente), many/several/two/three times (molte/tante/2/3 volte), before (prima)
Es: Has Bob ever worked in London? = Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra?
I've just closed the door = Ho appena chiuso la porta
She's always played football = Ha sempre giocato a calcio
Have you seen Mark recently? = Hai visto Mark recentemente?
I've already had breakfast = Ho già fatto colazione
I haven't had breakfast yet = Non ho ancora fatto colazione
