PASSATO PROSSIMO

Indice Grammatica

*Il Participio Passato dei verbi si forma come il Passato Semplice

(infinito senza TO + ed)

Frase affermativa

SOGGETTO + Present Perfect + COMPLEMENTI

Present Perfect to work	Esempio
I have worked I've worked	I've worked hard this week -> Ho lavorato molto questa settimana
you have worked you've worked	You've worked all night long -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte
he has worked he's worked	Bob's worked in London -> Bob ha lavorato a Londra
she has worked she's worked	She's worked as a teacher -> Ha lavorato come insegnante
it has worked it's worked	It's worked very well -> Ha funzionato molto bene
we have worked we've worked	We've worked at home-> Abbiamo lavorato a casa
you have worked you've worked	You've worked together -> Avete lavorato insieme
they have worked they've worked	They've worked here today -> Hanno lavorato qui oggi

Frase negativa

SOGGETTO + haven't/hasn't + Participio Passato del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Perfect to work	Esempio
I haven't worked	I haven't worked hard this week -> Non ho lavorato molto questa settimana
you haven't worked	You haven't worked all night long -> Non hai lavorato tutta la notte
he hasn't worked	Bob hasn't worked in London -> Bob non ha lavorato a Londra
she hasn't worked	She hasn't worked as a teacher -> Non ha lavorato come insegnante
it  hasn't worked	It hasn't worked very well -> Non ha funzionato molto bene
we haven't worked	We haven't worked at home -> Non abbiamo lavorato a casa
you haven't worked	You haven't worked together -> Non avete lavorato insieme
they haven't worked	They haven't worked here today -> Non hanno lavorato qui oggi

Frase interrogativa

Have/Has + SOGGETTO + Participio Passato del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Perfect to work	Esempio
Have I worked	Have I worked hard this week? -> Ho lavorato molto questa settimana?
Have you worked	Have you worked all night long? -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte?
Has he worked	Has Bob ever worked in London? -> Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra?
Has she worked	Has she worked as a teacher? -> Ha lavorato come insegnante?
Has it worked	Has it worked well? -> Ha funzionato bene?
Have we worked	Have we worked for nothing? -> Abbiamo lavorato per niente?
Have you worked	Have you worked together? -> Avete lavorato insieme?
Have they worked	Have they worked here today? -> Hanno lavorato qui oggi?

Frase interrogativa-negativa

Haven't/Hasn't + SOGGETTO + Participio Passato del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Perfect to work	Esempio
Haven't I worked	Haven't I worked hard this week? -> Non ho lavorato molto questa settimana?
Haven't you worked	Haven't you worked all night long? -> Non hai lavorato tutta la notte?
Hasn't he worked	Hasn't Bob worked in London this summer? -> Bob non ha lavorato a Londra questa estate?
Hasn't she worked	Hasn't she worked as a teacher? -> Non ha lavorato come insegnante?
Hasn't it worked	Hasn't it worked well? -> Non ha funzionato bene?
Haven't we worked	Haven't we worked for you? -> Non abbiamo lavorato per te?
Haven't you worked	Haven't you worked together? -> Non avete lavorato insieme?
Haven't they worked	Haven't they worked here today? -> Non hanno lavorato qui oggi?

Participio Passato dei Verbi irregolari

Consultare i paradigmi dei verbi irregolari all'interno della grammatica

Risposte brevi

Have you worked all night long? Yes, I have/No, I haven't -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte? Sì/No

Has Bob ever worked in London? Yes, he has/No, he hasn't -> Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra? Sì/No

Uso del Present Perfect

• Anche con i verbi intransitivi

  Es: She has arrived -> E' arrivata

   

• Azioni passate avvenute in un periodo di tempo non completamente trascorso definito con espressioni di tempo come today, this morning/week/month/year/, this summer, so far/up to now (finora)

   

  Es: She has arrived this morning -> E' arrivata stamattina (è ancora mattina)

   

• Azioni passate avvenute in un periodo di tempo non specificato e il cui risultato arriva al presente

   

  Es: Have you brought the umbrella? No, I haven't -> Hai portato l'ombrello? No

   

• Con for (da) e since (da/da quando); for introduce la durata dell'azione e risponde alla domanda "da quanto tempo"; since indica il momento d'inizio dedll'azione e risponde alla domanda "da quando"

Es: I have lived here for 5 years-> Vivo qui da 5 anni.

     I have lived here since 2000 -> Vivo qui dal 2000.

• Con altre espressioni di tempo come: just (appena), always (sempre), often (spesso), never (mai - nelle negative), ever (mai - nelle interrogative), already (già), yet (già - nelle interrogative/ ancora - nelle negative), recently (recentemente), lately (ultimamente), many/several/two/three times (molte/tante/2/3 volte), before (prima)

   

  Es: Has Bob ever worked in London? -> Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra?

       I've just closed the door -> Ho appena chiuso la porta

       She's always played football -> Ha sempre giocato a calcio

       Have you seen Mark recently? -> Hai visto Mark recentemente?

       I've already had breakfast -> Ho già fatto colazione

       I haven't had breakfast yet -> Non ho ancora fatto colazione

Esercizi interattivi

• esercizio 1

• esercizio 2

• esercizio 3

• esercizio 4

• esercizio 5