Present Perfect

Present Simple TO HAVE + Participio Passato del verbo*

*Il Participio Passato dei verbi si forma come il Passato Semplice

(infinito senza TO + ed)

Present Perfect

to work

Esempio

I have worked

I've worked

I've worked hard this week -> Ho lavorato molto questa settimana

you have worked

you've worked

You've worked all night long -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte

he has worked

he's worked

Bob's worked in London -> Bob ha lavorato a Londra

she has worked

she's worked

She's worked as a teacher -> Ha lavorato come insegnante

it has worked

it's worked

It's worked very well -> Ha funzionato molto bene

we have worked

we've worked

We've worked at home-> Abbiamo lavorato a casa

you have worked

you've worked

You've worked together -> Avete lavorato insieme

they have worked

they've worked

They've worked here today -> Hanno lavorato qui oggi

Present Perfect

to work

Esempio Esempio

I haven't worked

I haven't worked hard this week -> Non ho lavorato molto questa settimana

you haven't worked

You haven't worked all night long -> Non hai lavorato tutta la notte

he hasn't worked

Bob hasn't worked in London -> Bob non ha lavorato a Londra

she hasn't worked

She hasn't worked as a teacher -> Non ha lavorato come insegnante

it  hasn't worked

It hasn't worked very well -> Non ha funzionato molto bene

we haven't worked

We haven't worked at home -> Non abbiamo lavorato a casa

you haven't worked

You haven't worked together -> Non avete lavorato insieme

they haven't worked

They haven't worked here today -> Non hanno lavorato qui oggi

Present Perfect

to work

Esempio

Have I worked

Have I worked hard this week? -> Ho lavorato molto questa settimana?

Have you worked

Have you worked all night long? -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte?

Has he worked

Has Bob ever worked in London? -> Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra?

Has she worked

Has she worked as a teacher? -> Ha lavorato come insegnante?

Has it worked

Has it worked well? -> Ha funzionato bene?

Have we worked

Have we worked for nothing? -> Abbiamo lavorato per niente?

Have you worked

Have you worked together? -> Avete lavorato insieme?

Have they worked

Have they worked here today? -> Hanno lavorato qui oggi?

Present Perfect

to work

Esempio

Haven't I worked

Haven't I worked hard this week? -> Non ho lavorato molto questa settimana?

Haven't you worked

Haven't you worked all night long? -> Non hai lavorato tutta la notte?

Hasn't he worked

Hasn't Bob worked in London this summer? -> Bob non ha lavorato a Londra questa estate?

Hasn't she worked

Hasn't she worked as a teacher? -> Non ha lavorato come insegnante?

Hasn't it worked

Hasn't it worked well? -> Non ha funzionato bene?

Haven't we worked

Haven't we worked for you? -> Non abbiamo lavorato per te?

Haven't you worked

Haven't you worked together? -> Non avete lavorato insieme?

Haven't they worked

Haven't they worked here today? -> Non hanno lavorato qui oggi?

Participio Passato dei Verbi irregolari

Consultare i paradigmi dei verbi irregolari all'interno della grammatica

Risposte brevi

Have you worked all night long? Yes, I have/No, I haven't -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte? Sì/No

Has Bob ever worked in London? Yes, he has/No, he hasn't -> Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra? Sì/No

Uso del Present Perfect

• Anche con i verbi intransitivi

  Es: She has arrived -> E' arrivata

   

• Azioni passate avvenute in un periodo di tempo non completamente trascorso definito con espressioni di tempo come today, this morning/week/month/year/, this summer, so far/up to now (finora)

   

  Es: She has arrived this morning -> E' arrivata stamattina (è ancora mattina)

   

• Azioni passate avvenute in un periodo di tempo non specificato e il cui risultato arriva al presente

   

  Es: Have you brought the umbrella? No, I haven't -> Hai portato l'ombrello? No

   

• Con for (da) e since (da/da quando); for introduce la durata dell'azione e risponde alla domanda "da quanto tempo"; since indica il momento d'inizio dedll'azione e risponde alla domanda "da quando"

Es: I have lived here for 5 years-> Vivo qui da 5 anni.

     I have lived here since 2000 -> Vivo qui dal 2000.

• Con altre espressioni di tempo come: just (appena), always (sempre), often (spesso), never (mai - nelle negative), ever (mai - nelle interrogative), already (già), yet (già - nelle interrogative/ ancora - nelle negative), recently (recentemente), lately (ultimamente), many/several/two/three times (molte/tante/2/3 volte), before (prima)

   

  Es: Has Bob ever worked in London? -> Bob ha mai lavorato a Londra?

       I've just closed the door -> Ho appena chiuso la porta

       She's always played football -> Ha sempre giocato a calcio

       Have you seen Mark recently? -> Hai visto Mark recentemente?

       I've already had breakfast -> Ho già fatto colazione

       I haven't had breakfast yet -> Non ho ancora fatto colazione