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Grammatica Inglese di Base
del prof. Raffaele Nardella

Past Simple Irregolare

Indice della Grammatica

Past Simple TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO


I tre verbi irregolari più importanti sono to be (essere), to have (avere) e to do (fare) Nella seguente tabella sono elencate le forme del Simple Past Tense di questi verbi
Soggetto BE HAVE DO
I was had did
you were had did
he, she, it was had did
we were had did
you were had did
they were had did

Altri Verbi Irregolari


Altri verbi irregolari costruiscono il Simple Past in tre modi diversi, costituendo tre diverse categorie.
Categoria Esempi
verbi che non cambiano cost - cost
cut - cut
hit - hit
fit - fit
verbi che cambiano la loro  vocale come - came
drink - drank
get - got
sit - sat
verbi che cambiano completamente bring - brought
catch - caught
go - went
take - took

Uso


Nella tabella che segue sono elencati i paradigmi dei principali verbi irregolari inglesi, quei verbi cioè che non aggiungono il suffisso -ed alla loro forma base.
 
La tabella è composta da 4 colonne:
- nella prima colonna è presente l'Infinitive (Infinito) del verbo, composto dalla sua forma base preceduta dal to 
- nella seconda colonna è elencato il paradigma del Simple Past; la voce del verbo è uguale per tutte le persone singolari e plurali, fatta eccezione per il verbo to be (essere) che ne ha due (was e were) in base alla persona soggetto; in altri casi sono presenti paradigmi diversi, entrambi usati per tutte le persone singolari e plurali, come ad esempio:
burn = burned, burnt
dive = dived, dove
kneel = kneeled, knelt
learn = learned, learnt
light = lighted, lit
- nella terza colonna è elencato il paradigma del Past Participle (Participo Passato) che viene usato per i tempi composti e per la formazione della voce passiva
- nella quarta colonna la traduzione in italiano del verbo.

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Paradigmi Verbi Irregolari


Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

Italiano
A
to arise arose arisen sorgere
to awake awoke awoken svegliarsi, prendere coscienza
B
to be (am, is, are) was, were been essere
to bear bore borne portare, sopportare
to beat beat beaten battere
to become became become diventare
to begin began begun incominciare
to bend bent bent piegare, piegarsi
to bet bet bet scommettere
to bite bit bitten mordere
to bleed bled bled sanguinare
to blow blew blown soffiare
to break broke broken rompere, rompersi
to breed bred bred allevare, generare
to bring brought brought portare
to build built built costruire
to burn burned, burnt burned, burnt bruciare
to buy bought bought comprare
C
to cast cast cast gettare
to catch caught caught prendere, acchiappare
to choose chose chosen scegliere
to come came come venire
to cost cost cost costare
to creep crept crept strisciare
to cut cut cut tagliare
D
to deal dealt dealt trattare
to dig dug dug scavare
to dive dived, dove dived tuffarsi
to do did done fare
to draw drew drawn disegnare
to dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt sognare
to drink drank drunk bere
to drive drove driven guidare (auto)
E
to eat ate eaten mangiare
F
to fall fell fallen cadere
to feed fed fed nutrire
to feel felt felt sentire, sentirsi
to fight fought fought combattere
to find found found trovare
to flee fled fled fuggire
to fly flew flown volare
to forbid forbade forbidden proibire
to forget forgot forgotten, forgot dimenticare
to forgive forgave forgiven perdonare
to freeze froze frozen gelare
G
to get got gotten, got ottenere, diventare
to give gave given dare
to go went gone andare
to grind ground ground tritare
to grow grew grown crescere, coltivare
H
to hang hung hung appendere
to have had had avere
to hear heard heard udire
to hide hid hidden nascondere
to hold held held tenere, trattenere
to hurt hurt hurt ferire
K
to keep kept kept tenere, conservare
to kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled inginocchiarsi
to know knew known conoscere, sapere
L
to lay laid laid deporre, posare
to lead led led condurre, guidare
to learn learnt, learned learnt, learned imparare
to leave left left partire
to lend lent lent prestare
to let let let lasciare, permettere
to lie lay lain giacere, trovarsi
to light lighted, lit lighted, lit accendere
to lose lost lost perdere
M
to make made made fare, costruire
to mean meant meant significare
to meet met met incontrare
P
to pay paid paid pagare
to put put put mettere
Q
to quit quit quit smettere
R
to read read read leggere
to ride rode ridden cavalcare
to ring rang rung suonare, squillare
to rise rose risen sorgere, alzarsi
to run ran run correre
S
to say said said dire
to see saw seen vedere
to seek sought sought cercare
to sell sold sold vendere
to send sent sent mandare, spedire
to set set set porre
to shake shook shaken scuotere
to shed shed shed versare
to shine shone shone brillare, splendere
to shoot shot shot sparare
to show showed shown mostrare
to shrink shrank shrunk, shrunken restringersi
to shut shut shut chiudere
to sing sang sung cantare
to sink sank sunk affondare
to sit sat sat sedersi
to sleep slept slept dormire
to slide slid slid scivolare
to speak spoke spoken parlare
to spend spent spent spendere, trascorrere
to spread spread spread diffondere, stendere
to spring sprang sprung saltare
to stand stood stood stare in piedi
to steal stole stolen rubare
to stick stuck stuck attaccare, attaccarsi
to sting stung stung pungere
to stink stank stunk puzzare
to strike struck struck, striken colpire
to strive strove striven lottare
to swear swore sworn giurare
to sweep swept swept spazzare, scopare
to swim swam swum nuotare
to swing swung swung dondolare
T
to take took taken prendere, portare
to teach taught taught insegnare
to tear tore torn strappare
to tell told told dire, raccontare
to think thought thought pensare
to throw threw thrown gettare
to tread trod trodden calpestare
U
to understand understood understood comprendere
W
to wake woke woken svegliare, svegliarsi
to wear wore worn indossare, logorare
to win won won vincere
to wind wound wound avvolgere
to wring wrung wrung torcere
to write wrote written scrivere

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